Overview


Earth and climate studies encompass the scientific domains that examine Earth's physical systems, including the Oceans, Atmosphere, Land and Ice, as well as the interactions between them and how they change over time. This area focuses on investigating both natural processes and human-caused impacts on the Earth's climate system, with the goal of understanding past, present, and future climate conditions through satellite measurements, ground observations and modelling.

Climate


To comprehensively understand Earth's integrated system and the interactions among various elements that affect Climate, Earth Observation (EO) satellite data is being utilized to retrieve the Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) critical for characterizing Earth's climate. These variables are essential for monitoring climate change and its impact, guiding mitigation and adaptation strategies, and assessing climate risks. By harnessing them, we can advance effective climate services and move toward a more sustainable future.

The Ocean ECVs cover physical, biogeochemical, and biological/ecosystems disciplines. The Terrestrial ECVs cover the hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere. The atmosphere ECVs cover both surface and upper-air atmosphere as well as atmospheric composition.

National Information system for Climate and Environment Studies (NICES) Program has a mandate to retrieve, disseminate, and carryout research on various Climate parameters using space inputs.